How to grow a lemon,
Part 2
While a beginner inspect the
cultivation method.
(INDEX to 3-②)
1、Fascinate to grow a lemon
① Fascinate to grow a lemon in a house.
・The first lemon
・A lemon came over to Japan.
3、About how to grow a lemon.
① On the cultivation of the lemon.
・Area suitable for the cultivation of the lemon
・The tree bears fruit with one
・Time is necessary before it bears a fruit for the first time
② How to buy young plants, various kinds
・A stick seedling and large seedling
・When should we buy a seedling?
・How to choose good young plants
③ Soil, manure (effective microorganisms)
④ Watering
⑤ Do you plant a lemon in the garden? Or,is it a potted plant?
⑥ How to plant a lemon in the garden
⑦ How to set a lemon into a bowl
⑧ How to transplant a lemon into a bowl
⑨ Care for flower, bud (I work on pollination)
⑩ Cutting of the lemon
⑪ Grafted tree of the lemon
⑫ The pruning of the lemon
⑬ Cold measures
⑭ Lemon cultivation and insects
⑮ How to grow a lemon in the porch
5、Pest of the lemon
① Coccoidea
② Larva of the swallowtail butterfly
③ Citrus leafminer
④ Bell moth
⑤ Aphid
⑥ Spider Mite
⑦ Longhorn beetle
⑧ Thrips
6、Disease of the lemon
① Melanose
② Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri
③ Elsinoë fawcettii
④ Gray mold
⑤ Cercospora leaf mold
7、Diagnosis due to the symptom
① A leaf is yellow
② The spots of the leaf is yellow
③ A flower falls (a flower does not bloom)
④ A fruit falls
8、Work according to the month
9、Eating a lemon
10、Recipe using the lemon
3、About how to grow a lemon
③ Soil, manure
(effective microorganisms)
👉 How much is the quantity of
fertilization?
☝In the case of a smartphone, a screen
spreads with touch.
When we grow lemons,
① how much
② when must we give the manure?
I checked it in various ways, but there
was not the same information. Quantity
of fertilization. Time. The number of
times to give in the year.
It was different each. But I desc
ribe it
as there was a point becoming similar
mention.
a.Lemon cultivation requires a lot
of manure.
Generally, it is said that the citrus
fruits consume fertilizer in comparison
with other fruit trees. In particular, a
lemon is a fruit tree consuming
fertilizer in that citrus fruits.
The lemon has much quantity of
outbreak of the branch.
In addition, it flowers many times in a
year,and this is because it needs much
nourishment. A root goes bad even if we
give a lot of manure at a time and flows
out before manure is absorbed.
Therefore it is common I divide it into
several times a year, and to give manure
while grow a lemon.
b.I surround organic quality compound
fertilizer in about February
(initial fertilization).
In addition, I sprinkle mineral
matter compound fertilizer in another
month (additional fertilizing).
Organic quality compound fertilizer
; Seedcake, chicken droppings,
fish meal, compost, cow dung.
① Improvement of the soil is effective.
(soil softens, and water retentivity
increases)
② Slow-release.
③ Microbes increase.
④ There are few manure ingredients.
⑤ The smell is special, and an insect
may be boiled.
Mineral matter compound fertilizer
; Compound fertilizer, urea.
① We fertilize three major nutrients
(nitrogen, phosphoric acid,
potassium) efficiently.
② There are slow-release and immediate
effect and can choose it.
③ It tends to be cheaper than organic
quality manure.
④ Only with mineral matter, soil
environment worsens.
(The soil will lose weight)
⑤ It may cause manure desperation.
(overdoing)
⑥ There is not the smell, and there is
not the worry to breed in an insect.
Most of organic quality manure are
slow-release and few manure ingredients.
The lemon needs a lot of manure. When
quick effect characteristics are demanded
like after-season fertilizing, experience
and an effort seem to be necessary to
cultivate a lemon only in organic quality
manure.
So there seem to be many descriptions
that "sprinkle organic quality compound
fertilizer on the initial fertilization,
and sprinkle mineral matter compound
fertilizer on the additional fertilizing"
to make use of both good points.
c.It is the almost same
when I see it by an annual unit.
There seem to be various descriptions as
mentioned above when we consider quantity
of fertilization and the fertilization
nu
mber of times each. But, when we judge
「the quantity of fertilization X number
of times」from an annual unit, the gross
weight of the manure to give is almost
same.
I think that you may change the number of
times to fertilize from a point of view
that "The lemon is easy to absorb manure
if you distribute the number of times to
fertilize".
d.Method to sprinkle manure
A garden Plant
We sprinkle manure on the surface of the
land uniformly in a range (Trunk Diameter)
where the branches and leaves grow.
The manure is good just to sprinkle it on
the surface of the land. But, absorption
of the manure improves when we mix it
with soil lightly.
A potted plant
I sprinkle manure on the surface of the
potting compost uniformly. It is not
necessary to mix it with soil.
👉 Please careful about manure
desperation !
As much as we give a manure, it is not
good. The density of fertility in the
soil rises when I fertilize it too much,
and the water of the root is robbed of
it under the influence of osmotic
pressure.
It can be expected, "a lemon withers up
even if I put up a lot of water".
When a ratio of compound fertilizer uses
expensive fertilizer, attention is
necessary.
It washes away fertility in the soil
if we cause manure desperation.
In the case of a potted plant, we do
water about 5 times as normal,
and water flows out of the bowl
bottom for a while.
You seem to perform this work every day
for about five days.
👉 The measurement and adjustment
of the acidity in the soil
The root of the citrus fruit likes weak
acidity around ph 5.5-6.0 in the soil.
The growth of the tree worsens so that
the acidity of the soil is separated from
ph5 .5-6.0. Using acidity measurement
liquid, a value of the acidity should be
coordinated when values are different
more than 1.0 from ph5 .5-6.0 back
and forth.
We use lime for a case to raise soil ph
(can get closer to the neutrality).
The magnesia lime includes magnesium
and seems to be recommended as action
is slow.
300g of magnesia lime is necessary to put
up 1.0 soil ph in one square meter of
land. We use sublimed sulfur for a case
to lower soil ph (can get closer
to the acidity).
200g of sublimed sulfur is necessary to
lower 1.0 soil ph in one square meter of
land.
I measured the acidity of the soil, too.
I could easily measure when I used the
acidity measurement l
iquid.
Please refer 「I measured ph!」.
👉 I try to sprinkle effective
microorganisms
I read an article to "cultivate the lemon
without using the pesticide".
① The probability to be damaged of a
disease and the insect rises when we
give a lot of manure.
② The tree of lemon meets the life
immediately when we reduce manure
and we cultivate it while suppressing
the pruning. (it becomes weak)
③ So we make met environment with
probiotic.
"We make met environment with probiotic".
In other words, we sprinkle effective
microorganisms and a fermentation microbe
(lactic acid bacterium, yeast,
photosynthetic bacteria) and make the
soil better (the probiotic is higher than
the viuses and bacteria which are a
microbe letting a thing oxidize).
Then we can enable the organic farming
that we can revivify power of the
original soil and is hard to match pest
damage.
(We interfere with being deceived by a
disease and an insect even if we give an
organic fertilizer)
It is like such a thing when I gather
it up.
<What is an effective microorganisms?>
The word "EM" took an initial of
"Effective Microorganism" (useful microbe
group), and EM is cultured by so many
kinds of useful microbes.
{* But "EM" is a coined word (trademark)
by Professor Hika who is a advocate of
EM, and is a central researcher.
So,"EM" is not a technical term in the
general microbiology.}
We can measure the acidity (ph) in the
soil, but it is difficult to measure the
state of bacteria.
It is difficult to confirm that to
maintain the state (good balance) of
the bacteria become a direct cause to
prevent a disease and a pest.
On the other hand, it seems to be caused
by the environment (including the state
of the soil) that a pest comes, and
branches and leaves get sick.
I think that it is very good to sprinkle
good bacteria because I do not spread
bad bacteria.
I make EM manure and EM wash and sprinkle
it.
I think that the result has just begun,
but want to make the state an article.
「I bought effective microorganisms (1)and molasses!」
There are others, the related story, too.
Effective Microorganism
「I tried fe
rtilizer in November!」
「I surround organic quality compound fertilizer in about February (initial fertilization).」
④ Watering
The lemon is not so weak against drying.
In the case of a garden plant, there is
little need to do watering other than hot
summer. However, watering is important
work to control growth. Therefore you
will understand a precaution.
<In the case of a gargen plant>
We are careful not to become the shortage
of water for from July to September that
are the high temperature period. A tree
take the damage when it becomes the
shortage of water, and fruit does not
grow big. Let's give water well by once
for each morning and evening.
<In the case of a potted plant>
Because the range that the root grows is
limited, periodical watering is
necessary. When we put a bowl under
the eaves to suppress the outbreak of
illness, the soil of the bowl is careful
not to dry in particular. If "the surface
of the potting compost dries, the basics
of the timing to water".
In spring once in 2-3 days. In the summer
1 to 2 times a day. In autumn once in 1-3
days. In winter once in 3-7 days. This
interval provide an indication of
watering.
When we make a little dry some potting
compost until winter, cold resistance
becomes strong. On the other hand,
we water too much and are careful about
decayed root being caused. "If the
surface of the potting compost dries,
we water".
Outbreak of illness is controlled when we
water in potting compost so that water
does not hang over the branches and
leaves. In addition, there seems to be
the way called "leaf water-spray" with
direct water over a leaf exceptionally,
too.
This is because it lowers side
temperature of the leaves on a hot day,
and it washes away a dirt and a pest.
Let's perform it on a fine day and on a
day to dry immediately.
⑤ Do you plant a lemon in the garden?
Or,is it a potted plant?
A gargen plant
<Merit>
・There are many harvests.
(a tree grows big)
・Transplantation is unnecessary.
・There is little number of times of
the watering.
Except summer of the intense heat,
the watering is approximately
unnecessary.
And so on.
<Demerit>
・The number of years to harvesttime
is long.
(After outdoor planting,
is it difficult for three years?)
・It is difficult to prevent cold.
When the lemon is less than -3 degrees
Celsius, it may wither and die.
Therefore we choose the cultivation
area.
・Because it is easy to become the big
tree, the pruning every year is
indispensable. And so on.
The first reason that purchased the tree
of lemon for a garden plant is because Ipan>
wanted to harvest a lot of fruit of the
lemon.
However, I became slightly afraid that I
was in trouble if a lemon became so big
and thick when I went to Shimanami Kaido
and looked at the trunk of the lemon in
the lemon field. From this year, I will
prune the tree on lemon properly. It is
difficult to prevent a trunk from
becoming thick, but I'll try to prevent a
tree from growing big.
A potted plant
<Merit>
・Years until the first fruition are
short.
・We can grow the fruit tree which is
vulnerable to cold.
We can easily move the seedling of the
lemon to the room only in winter.
(We do not choose an area and the
place)
・It is easy to bear a fruit.
・We can grow compactly.
・No worries about a disease and pest
if we grow lemons in the room.
<Demerit>
・There are few harvests.
・Transplantation is necessary.
(We transplant it in 2-3 years)
・Watering is necessary frequently.
And so on.
*「It is easy to bear a fruit by a potted plant」
When the branches and leaves grow too
much popular, most of the nourishment
are used by growth of the branches and
leaves. As a result, the flowers and
fruits cannot take the nourishment, and
it is the tendency that the flowers
and fruits do not grow. We can say this
trend about overall tree not only a
lemon.
The growth of the branches and leaves
links a root. In the case of a garden
plant,the land where a root grows is
large, so the growth of the branches
and leaves is easy to become popular.
As a result, the fruit becomes the
tendency that is hard to grow.
On the other hand,in the case of a potted
plant,the growth of the root is limited,
so the growth of the branches and leaves
is limited, too. As a result, it becomes
the tendency that fruit is easy to
become.
When we plant a stick seedling, it is
necessary before the first fruition for
4 through 6 years in the case of a garden
plant, but becomes short for 3 through 5
years in the case of a potted plant.
In other words, the tree gives priority
to grow oneself (now) than to leave the
next generation (in the future).
If a root cannot grow, a root stop
growing oneself and try to begin to leave
the next generation. I think "I use of
this thought and want to find a method to
preferentially grow fruits in the case of
a garden plant,too".
⑥ How to plant a lemon in the
garden
👉 Proper time for plantation
Proper time to plant the young plant of
the lemon is from the end of February to
the end of March in Japan. It is good for
the plantation of the seedling becase the
growth of the root is slow and there is
little worry that a seedling is damaged
by cold. In the case of the area where
cold is severe, You may plant it before
it starts sprouting in about April.
👉 Place to plant a seedling
When we plant a seedling in a sunny place
and in the place that drainage has good,
fruits grow well and come to have good
quality. The place where a strong wind is
easy to blow and chills are easy to
collect will be hard to grow.
👉 Plantation
We dig the hole nearly 70cm - 100cm in
diameter and 50cm - 75cm in depth. We
dig up soil of area more than the size
of the young plant. It is intended to
plow the soil for the purpose of a root
growing in the future. After having dug
the hole, we coordinate it with the
measurement of the acidity and put
organic matter (humus or compost).
This organic matter is intended to make
soil soft and fluffy, and to make
drainage better as manure more. If it is
a hole of 100cm in diameter and 75cm in
depth, the humus mixes 48 - 60ℓ.
When we plant a young plant, it prevents
a grafted tree part from being covered in
the soil and, also, when we put soil, we
are careful not to be hard very much by
stepping on our feet. In the case of a
stick seedling, a rich branch will grow
in the future when we cut it at a height
of 40cm from a grafted tree part.
And we fix a tree trunk with props for a
while. We do not have to worry that a
tree breaks by strong winds.
And then we water well and add soil
if soil is dented.
I still support it with a prop.!
Even if a typhoon comes,
it becomes the reliable materials.
👉 How to fix forms of the tree
As many branches grow in May, we leave
three branches which is rich and growing
in a good direction, and other branch
cuts it off.( we cultivate it so that
three firm branches grow near the
ground.)
In the second-year March, about 1/3
length cuts off all branches.
And when a lot of branches are divided,
we cut it off to become by 2-3 in one
place.